The Stroop Phenomenon Essays - Neuropsychology, Perception

The Stroop Phenomenon Presentation The stroop marvel is a method of estimating how programmed or purposeful some all around rehearsed undertakings are and how we react in struggle circumstances. This marvel likewise gauges singular differentiations, creativity and intellectual adaptability. The two parts of psychological advancement that are exhibited by the stroop task are naming reaction what's more, tallying reaction. At the point when two reactions contend or are in struggle, the time required to settle on the right choice is reliant on speed and exactness. In the article Following The Time Course of Picture Word Processing, by M.C. Smith and L.E. Magee; these two analysts found that image naming was influenced by the nearness of incongruent words (Experiment 1). Likewise naming an image was quicker than when a consistent word was available. Along these lines pictures actuate the name code. Another analysis (Experiment 2) showed that memory for pictures and words, regardless of whether they were at first named or sorted affected memory. Memory was better for words on the off chance that they have been arranged and for pictures on the off chance that they have been named. Examination 3 indicated indistinguishable outcomes from the past two tests. The fourth examination, with the presentation of less normal objects, subjects could name the words quicker than producing a classification name for the words. Naming pictures are inclined to impedance when incongruent words are introduced all the while. Word naming isn't so a lot impacted by diverting pictures. Pictures and words vary in the measure of data to be sifted through, to get the right reaction. The plan of this test is an inside subject investigation as the number of decisions to be made in the wake of survey the upgrade on the screen are same for everyone (2,3,4). Likewise the importance versus number decisions (same, unique, clashing) are utilized by everybody. The needy factors in this trial are normal exactness (%) and normal time/reaction (msec). the autonomous variable is the arbitrary upgrade which showed up on the screen, regardless of whether it was the equivalent, extraordinary or clashing. In this explore we were indicated 2, 3, or 4 things on the screen in a randomized structure and needed to choose the correct number of things utilizing 2,3,4 on the console as fast and precisely as could be expected under the circumstances. In this investigation, the stroop errand will be illustrated. When there is no contention between the boost and reaction to be picked, reactions will be speedy and precise. When there is a contention between the boost what's more, reaction to be made, obstruction will exist and reacting will be increasingly slow exact. Results and Discussion Figure 1 The normal exactness in percent for subject 1, was useful for the 'same' condition. At that point they began to diminish when the upgrade was 'unique'. This score for subject 1 at the 'extraordinary' condition was the most reduced among each of the 3 conditions. At the point when the improvement was 'clashing', subject 1 was losing precision again as was not as high as in the 'same' condition. Subject 1 was less precise in the 'extraordinary' and 'clashing' circumstances. The normal precision in percent for subject 2, was very reliable, being 100% in all conditions. So this subject had a higher exactness rate than subject 1. Figure 2 Comparable to average time/reaction in milliseconds, subject 1 was faster than subject 2. At that point condition where subject 1 eased back down the most was in the 'extraordinary' condition. In the 'clashing' condition, subject 1 sped up more than in some other condition. Subject 2 was very predictable in every one of the 3 conditions according to normal time/reaction, with the milliseconds being just 3 or 4 extraordinary from different conditions. For subject 2 the most noteworthy reacting rate was in the 'clashing' condition, trailed by 'same', at that point the 'unique' condition. This shows in the 'clashing' condition, the subjects reaction rate expanded. In the 'extraordinary' condition the reaction diminished. Moreover on the off chance that one subject has a higher exactness rate than another subject, at that point the normal time/reaction will be lower. The stroop task shows that the naming reaction (same) is quicker than the reaction utilized while checking (unique) and that when 2 reactions strife (clashing), an opportunity to settle on a right choice increments. Since individuals discover the 'contention' condition troublesome, they will make more mistakes and set aside more effort to decide the right reaction. So the exactness and reaction rate diminishes in the 'contention' circumstance. The distinction in speed and exactness in the 3 conditions (same, unique, and clashing) was the consequence of the involvement in each explicit condition. The more practice with each condition, the littler the contrasts in speed and precision among the three conditions. When there

AIDS and Children Free Essays

HIV/AIDS is generally another illness, and was first perceived in the year 1980, after a flare-up of the crafty disease Pneumocystis carnii pneumonia in a gathering of New York homosexuals.â The frequencies of Kaposi’s sarcoma (a harm of the veins) were likewise seen to happen in excess of multiple times in youthful gay people. Progressively, it was seen that the condition was an irresistible malady, and would in general spread any place tainted blood/semen was included including blood transfusion, intravenous medication use and unprotected sexual action (regardless of whether gay or hetero). We will compose a custom article test on Helps and Children or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The condition was slowly seen to influence the insusceptible framework, causing countless artful contaminations and malignancies.â By the year 1982, AIDS was likewise seen in a few kids having a place with New York, San Francisco, Miami and New Jersey. The condition was generally obscure before the 1980’s and following this, it got one of the most widely recognized and lethal irresistible diseases.â Although, HIV/AIDS started in a created country which could deal with the evil impacts of the malady, it gradually started to spread to creating and poor countries, and the impact on such people is considerably all the more annihilating (Mandell, 2005 Borkowsky, 2004). HIV/AIDS has not exclusively been an issue in the regenerative age gathering, yet has additionally caused major issues in the pediatric age groups.â In the US, in excess of 9300 kids (as on December 2002) have been influenced with the disease.â The quantity of instances of people influenced with the infection is still on the ascent. There might be a few contrasts in the artful diseases, malignancies and indications that happen in kids and adults.â In youngsters, HIV/AIDS can either spread through vertical transmission (from tainted mother to kid) and from different methods (counting kid sexual maltreatment, IV tranquilize misuse, contaminated blood transfusion, and so forth). On the off chance that we take a gander at vertical transmission of HIV/AIDS, the sickness can be transmitted by three distinct strategies, which happen at three unique occasions: †prenatally it is transmitted over the placenta from the tainted maternal blood, during conveyance it might be transmitted from polluted material discharges and after conveyance it might happen because of utilization of sullied bosom milk. A portion of the variables that assume a significant job in the transmission of HIV/AIDS from tainted mother to kid incorporate the seriousness of the disease of the mother, the material viral burden, injury to the youngster during conveyance, the mode and the term of breastfeeding. Kids underneath the age of 13 years can create lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, aspiratory lymphoid hyperplasia and intermittent bacterial infections.â The danger of a genuine drop in the CD T4 lymphocytes beneath 200 is less in youngsters contrasted with adults.â In kids with HIV/AIDS, the CD T4 cell tally can assume a significant job in deciding the forecast of the sickness. Kids typically have an ascent in the quantity of lymphocytes.â This might be seen in ordinary kids and infants.â If the CD4 include in youngsters influenced with HIV/AIDS drops down, it can propose a genuine impairment.â Children experiencing HIV/AIDS may likewise build up a genuine type of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and can create genuine respiratory issues. This condition may likewise be deadly if appropriate preventive measures and treatment are not followed (CDC, 1996, Mandell, 2005 Borkowsky, 2004). Another difficult that can be much of the time saw in youngsters who create HIV/AIDS from contaminated moms (vertical transmission) is the odds of co-disease with different STD’s including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, etc.â These conditions are transmitted likewise (fundamentally IV sedate use, unprotected sex, blood transfusion, vertical transmission, and so on). Regularly when an individual is contaminated with HCV, the contamination sets aside a long effort to create and advance (around 20 years).â However, in co contamination with HIV, there might be a quickening of both the conditions frequently prompting extreme sickness in the baby or youth phase of life. At the point when the mother is co-contaminated with HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C disease, the odds of the youngster getting tainted with HIV is a lot higher than if the mother is contaminated with HIV alone.â In instances of contamination with HIV, the contamination spread in 16 % of the cases, while in co-contamination cases, it spread 26 % of the all out number of cases (England, 2006). The Problem 1. Frequencies of HIV/AIDS in youngsters The specific frequencies of HIV/AIDS in youngsters might be unquestionably more than anticipated.â On December 31, 2002, in excess of 9300 kids were accounted for to experience the ill effects of AIDS. A greater part of these cases are because of contamination from the tainted mother. In an examination led in 1997 in the US, more than 91 % of the cases were because of contamination from the mother to the kid, 2 % were because of transfusion of tainted blood and 8 % built up the condition because of an unsure risk.â 1 of the youngsters who was a piece of the investigation had a thickening issue. The greater part of the youngsters who were tainted with HIV/AIDS had guardians who were utilizing IV drugs.â In many cases, the mother rehearsed unprotected sex.â There is a ton of racial contrasts in the paces of HIV/AIDS. Individuals having a place with minority and more fragile segments of the populace are at a higher danger of procuring the disease contrasted with the standard populace. There is an inclination that youngsters over the different racial gatherings would have a similar rate paces of HIV/AIDS as their mothers.â In an examination led, it was discovered that 63 % of the kids influenced with HIV/AIDS were African-Americans and 26% were Hispanics.â 18 % had a place with the White gatherings and 1 % was from the other racial gatherings. Out of each 100, 000 kids in the US who created HIV/AIDS, 6.4 % were Blacks, 2.3 % were Hispanics, 0.4 % were Whites and 0.7 % were other racial groups.â In most HIV influenced kids, the ailment is analyzed at 18 years old months. In most kids influenced with HIV (around 80 % all things considered), AIDS creates by the age of 5 years.â Most instances of HIV/AIDS was recorded in New York (1900 cases), trailed by Florida (1200 cases), New Jersey, California and Texas.â Between the years 1984 to 1992, there was an ascent in the rate of HIV/AIDS because of the obliviousness of the malady from different populaces including Blacks and gay gatherings. In the year 1992, the quantity of HIV/AIDS cases were as high as 905, which declined to 663 of every 1995 (a drop in about 27%) generally credited to more prominent mindfulness and education.â However, across changes ethnic and racial gatherings, more noteworthy sum enhancements happened in the Whites (39 % drop), trailed by Black (26 % drop) and Hispanic (25 % drops). Another purpose behind this drop had been the abrupt revelation of the impact of Zidovudine (an antiretroviral sedate) in assisting with diminishing the vertical transmission of HIV/AIDS from tainted mother to child.â In 1994, a progression of clinical preliminaries viably showed that the malady vertical transmission could be decreased by around 65 % if Zidovudine was given right on time during the pregnancy of the contaminated lady. Consequently, proposals were raised for obligatory testing, guiding and ARV treatment for pregnant women.â Following progressively dynamic usage of this program following 1995, the quantity of HIV/AIDS cases because of vertical transmission dropped to 92 in 2002.â This was a critical drop, cutting the rate rates by multiple times inside a range of ten years (Mandell, 2005, Yogev, 2004, CDC, 1996, CDC, 2008). The most effective method to refer to AIDS and Children, Papers

Essay on Deforestation and its Implications

Essay on Deforestation and its Implications Deforestation and its Implications May 16, 2019 in Ecology Introduction Deforestation refers to the destruction of forest cover and tree stands for the purposes that are not related to forest regeneration, for instance, building, agriculture, grazing fields, destruction of trees, and abandoning the land. However, the term differs from tree harvesting, whereby trees are entirely removed from temperate areas (regeneration harvesting), where trees cannot regenerate naturally without natural or human disturbance (Oliver, 1980). Regeneration of harvesting has been praised by many scholars who argue that in cases of human interference in an environment, biodiversity regenerates in the same way as in cases of natural disturbance (Patel-Weynand, 2002). If destruction of forests is not accompanied by adequate reforestation, then desertification, loss of biodiversity, destruction of habitat, as well as increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are likely to be the consequences. Body The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change attributes the increasing destruction of forests to agriculture whereby subsistence farming leads to deforestation at the rate of 48%, commercial farming at 32%, fire wood harvesting at 5%, and logging at 14% (UNFCC, 2007). Apart from agriculture, urbanization, road building, building of schools and other social amenities are also reasons why forests have been cleared to create space for developmental purposes. Deforestation has been used as a war tactic whereby forest cover is destroyed to deprive the enemies of hideouts as well as resources. Globally, deforestation is a thorny issue that has had many impacts including atmospheric, health, economic, and geological among others. Below is a discussion of the aftermaths of deforestation citing specific impacts in given geographical areas.

Current Historical Trends Involving The Evolution Of...

Over the past several decades, health care and information technology have undergone a period of dramatic change caused by a multitude of pressures and opportunities, many of which continue to persist and evolve. As we have moved into globalization of communication, technology, and information, Health Information Systems need to reflect what is happening to ensure optimal use of clinical information. In 2-3 (full) pages, discuss key historical trends involving the evolution of Health Information System and respective health care environments. Describe how clinical information systems and applications can fit together to provide comprehensive care. In your discussion be sure to include both the benefits and challenges to the integration of information systems and exchange of health information. Include reference to literature, expert opinion and case examples from your research involving various health care disciplines to support your position, key points, and explanations. Richard Jenkins Trident University Introduction The healthcare environment has changed dramatically especially throughout the last couple decades. The innovations of medical technology have increased the quality of care available, increased patient care accessibility, and allowed for better storage and transfer of patient health information within healthcare organizations throughout the country. Another large impact that has been felt throughout healthcare has been associated costs with givingShow MoreRelatedInformation Systems Supply Chain Management6162 Words   |  25 Pagesï » ¿Information Systems Supply Chain Management Table of Contents Section 1.0: Introduction: 5 Information systems: 5 Past: 5 Present: 6 Future: 6 Supply Chain Management: 6 Historical developments in supply chain management: 7 Figure: Historic developments in Supply Chain Management 7 Strategic Perspective: 8 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): 8 Application of Information system in supply chain managements context: 8 Just in Time Manufacturing: 8 Vendor Managed Inventories:Read MoreCase Study: Change Management Project11536 Words   |  47 PagesABSTRACT - This page confidential to Jerry Smiles This strategic background and change management plan describes, analyses and extracts lessons from Compufix Inc in conjunction with the discussions held with Jerry Smiles and further provision of information as contained within the background brief provided by Bill Kirkley of Massey University. It initially focuses on analysing the organizations strategic position in order to identify deeply held assumptions, norms, and values that were producing unintendedRead MoreIocl Organisation Study8242 Words   |  33 PagesTable of Contents Introduction 3 Overview 3 Geographic Coverage 3 Technology Solutions 4 Customer Focus 4 Expansion and Diversification 4 International Expansion 4 Business Environment and Competition 5 Industry Background and Market Structure 6 SWOT Analysis of IOCL 8 PEST Analysis of IOCL 9 Vision and Mission 10 Vision 10 Mission 12 Work Culture 12 Organizational Structure and Leadership 13 Hierarchical Structure 13 Leadership 13 UP Operations 13 Supply amp; Demand Management 14Read MoreUK - Analysis Report31935 Words   |  128 Pageslegal and environmental structure in the United Kingdom. Each of the PESTLE factors is explored on four parameters: current strengths, current challenges, future prospects and future risks. Summary Key findings Strong democratic system, but the threat from terrorism continues to be high The UK adheres to a democratic, parliamentary system of governance known as the Westminster system. The structure of the administration ensures that there is an adequate separation of powers between the executiveRead MoreFuture Information Security Trends17051 Words   |  69 PagesFuture Information Security Trends Kasi Research Project Tekes Safety and Security Research Program Final Report, March 11, 2011 Olli Pitkà ¤nen, Risto Sarvas, Asko Lehmuskallio, Miska Simanainen, Vesa Kantola Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT / Aalto University Mika Rautila, Arto Juhola, Heikki Pentikà ¤inen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ossi Kuittinen Sitra Executive Summary This report presents the major findings of the research project Kasi – Future Information SecurityRead MoreFemale Criminality11608 Words   |  46 Pagesï » ¿Female Criminals Assignment Female Criminality consists of several outdated statistics regarding the rise of female offending. However, in viewing the current research on the subject, it appears that the overall theme of this dissertations discussion is still relevant despite changes in the accompanying statistics as seen in viewing the following topics: the rise in female offending; the continual rise that females are committing more crimes than men; and the types of crimes that women are committingRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesNew York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerningRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesSilent Spring Rachel Carson Online Information For the online version of BookRags Silent Spring Premium Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-silentspring/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author BiographyRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words   |  73 Pagesorganizations in light of these perceived tradeoffs. Recent trends in donor funding away from organizations that place primary emphasis on women’s empowerment and toward organizations focused on achieving financial sustainability have created added skepticism around the value of adopting empowerment approaches in microfinance institutions. This paper challenges leaders in the microfinance field to look beyond these debates and trends and consider adopting new ‘participatory approaches’ toRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagestransition of HR management at GE Fanuc and at Bank of Montreal has enhanced organizational competitiveness and success.1 4 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment â€Å" HR should be defined not by what it does, but by what it delivers. DAVID ULRICH Human Resource (HR) management The design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish the organizational goals. As human resources have become viewed as more critical

Electricity Generated By Hydropower Electricity - 2078 Words

Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by hydropower, the electricity is created by using the gravitational force from falling or flowing water. Throughout the entire world it makes up 16% of the renewable energy used making it the most widely used source of renewable energy. In 2010 there was 3427 terawatt hours and with a power plant larger than 10 megawatts it costs 3 to 5 US cents per kilo watt which also makes hydroelectricity one of the cheapest forms of energy. Hydroelectricity is expected to increase 3.1% each year for the next 25 years which eventually means we will be producing enough electricity to power over 1000 United States. Looking at the stats hydropower ranks first among all other renewable energies and if we keep up and continuing to put in power plants hydropower can continue to stay on top of all the other renewable energies. The way hydropower works and operates so efficiently is because it uses falling water or flowing water which is already happening natura lly in the world. The plants work by allowing water into a small area and then it flows down and pushes a turbine which then charges a generator to create electricity and then flows out the other side continuing on with the path of the river. The turbine spins and creates electricity to be used. Which leads to the biggest hydro powered plants being in dams or on large rivers to take advantage of the large body of water. There are many different types of way the energy is created there is theShow MoreRelatedSustainability And Construction Practices : Department Of Civil Engineering1256 Words   |  6 Pages 6 iv. Geothermal energy 7 v. hydropower 8 Conclusion 8 References 9â€Æ' RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ELECTRICITY IN SUSTAINABILITY INTRODUCTION: It is the energy comes from natural resources like sun light, wind, rain water and geothermal heat. As we all know that coal, oil, gas are limited in nature they might run out some day renewable energy is the best way to restore their position. The way we see solar and wind energy provides electricity without giving rise to carbon dioxideRead MoreRenewable Energy Is The Best Alternative For Fossil Fuel Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesOut line: Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. Before this fossil fuel most percentage of usage to generating electricity and they are the main reason for the greenhouse gases and they are exhaustible as well. Renewable energy is the best alternative for fossil fuel because of the minimum pollution impact, endless characteristic, there are too many type of renewable energy technologies which will be used in different places with different climate, it is depends onRead MoreHydropower Power : Hydroelectric Power744 Words   |  3 PagesHydropower Did you know that approximately fifteen percent of the world’s electricity comes from hydroelectric power or that seven percent of the United States’ electricity comes from hydroelectric power? Hydroelectric power is one of the more well-known renewable sources of energy. Around the world, there are roughly 160 countries that have hydropower. Hydroelectric power comes from water; generating electricity from water is a process similar to coal power plants, though much cleaner. ThereRead MoreUsing Hydropower Help Stop Global Warming1056 Words   |  5 Pages Scientific Paper: Using hydropower to help stop Global Warming Thomas McBrien Prof. Hussain FCSC-101:W06 Global Warming is the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. These pollutants are produced by factories, cars, and even people and animals. Global Warming is a major concern because it affects all life forms and is changing the earth entirelyRead MoreThe Implementation Of Green Energy Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesSachs, Johnson Johnson, NIKE, Inc., Procter Gamble, Salesforce, Starbucks, Steelcase, Voya Financial, and Walmart have joined RE100, pledging to source 100% of their electricity from renewable energy to reduce CO2 emissions and seize the business benefits (Fortune 500 Listed Companies Pledge to Use 100% Renewable Electricity.). These companies recognize that the transition to a low-carbon economy is the only way to secure sustainable economic growth and prosperity for all. Green energy has beenRead MoreHydro Power Energy : Hydr opower1741 Words   |  7 PagesHydro power energy Hydropower is the renewable energy contained in flowing water. Electricity generated using hydropower is known as hydroelectricity and is generally considered to be reliable. There are three main methods for generating hydroelectricity: Storage – where a dam collects water in a reservoir, then releases it to drive turbines, producing electricity Pumped storage – where water is pumped to a higher reservoir, usually during times of low-priced electricity, then released to a lowerRead MoreHydroelectric Power Of The Canadian Columbia1173 Words   |  5 Pageselectrical power generated from fossil fuels is contributing to the rise in those emissions. Hydropower as a source of electricity is a feasible low carbon alternative, as dams and reservoirs have low greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions compared to fossil fuel energy generation. Canada has harnessed this potential power source as it is the world’s third largest producer of hydropower, contributing 12% globally, behind China and Brazil (Lee, Cheng, Scheelar, 2011). Hydropower as a source ofRead MoreThe Energy, Clean Renewable Energy902 Words   |  4 Pagesis the immediate switch to a much more sustainable, eco-friendly, and cheaper means of energy production. I propose a global switch to renewable energy – more specifically Hydropower. What is renewable energy? Renewable energy is the energy which is generated from natural sources i.e. sun, wind, rain, tides and can be generated again and again as and when required. They are available in plenty and by far most the cleanest sources of energy available on this planet. One main characteristic of renewableRead MoreHydropower is taking the energy out of water flowing from a higher elevation to a lower one and700 Words   |  3 PagesHydropower is taking the energy out of water flowing from a higher elevation to a lower one and converting it into electricity. Hydropower has been used as source for electricity for many years and is the leading renewable energy resource in America today. Hydropower is the most dependable and effective of all renewable power sources. â€Å"And today, about seven percent of all electricity is generated from hydropower† (DOE.org) The Tennessee Valley Authority is the nation’s largest federal, public powerRead MoreRenewable Ener gy : Hydropower And Solar Power Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesforms of renewable energy in Australia are hydropower and solar power. Hydropower Hydropower or hydroelectricity is one of the more mature forms of renewable energy technology and can be found in some form in over 160 counties (Hydro Energy, 2016). Power is generated when the kinetic energy of flowing water from sources such dams, rivers or waterfalls is directed through water turbines which in turn create electrical energy. There are over 120 hydropower stations though out Australia generating

Reaction Paper Sample Free Essays

Reaction Paper #4: The Prince and the Pauper Monica Sharma I read The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain and enjoyed reading about a wealthy prince name Edward Tudor and a pauper name Tom Canty trading lives with each other and experiencing how it is like to live a life that is totally opposite from what they are used to. It really made me depressed to read the part, â€Å"Drunkenness, riot and brawling were the order, there, every night and nearly all night long. Broken heads were as common as hunger in that place. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper Sample or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet little Tom was not unhappy. He had a hard time of it, but did not know it. It was the sort of time that all the Offal Court boys had, therefore he supposed it was the correct and comfortable thing. When he came home empty-handed at night, he knew his father would curse him and thrash him first, and that when he was done the awful grandmother would do it all over again and improve on it; and that away in the night his starving mother would slip to him stealthily with any miserable scrap or crust she had been able to save for him by going hungry herself, notwithstanding she was often caught in that sort of treason and soundly beaten for it by her husband. No child should have to go through that sort of violence and abuse, and most children who do usually ends up becoming traumatized and disturbed. After reading that part, it made me want to jump into the book and take Tom away from that horrid place. However, it was interesting to read about how despite the environment Tom was brought up in, Tom was still happy with his life. This made me think, â€Å"How co uld you be happy with a life where your family abuses you and you’re forced to beg on the streets all day?! Tom even managed to obtain a proper education in his hometown since Father Andrew would always teach Tom â€Å"the right ways† and how to read and write in Latin. The part, â€Å"His head grew to be full of these wonderful things, and many a night as he lay in the dark on his scant and offensive straw, tired, hungry, smarting from a thrashing, he unleashed his imagination and soon forgot his aches and pains in delicious picturings to himself of the charmed life of a petted prince in a regal palace. One desire came in time to haunt him day and night: it was to see a real prince, with his own eyes,† showed me how Tom’s imagination served as an escape from the harsh reality he lives in. Not only that, but Tom’s imagination on becoming a prince makes Tom try to possess the qualities that a prince must always have, such as intelligence and etiquette. Because of this, it makes it easy for Tom to become mistaken as the real prince and blend in gradually. Tom’s daydreaming also causes him to wander through the streets which leads him to his encounter with the prince and their exchange of clothes. I found it funny that just because the prince and the pauper changes clothes, they are treated based on the type of clothes they are wearing. For example, Tom is treated like a prince because he is wearing royal clothing and Edward, who is the real prince, becomes the pauper and gets treated like one when the guard of the palace sees Edward wearing Tom’s rags and throws him out of the palace harshly and into the midst of a rowdy crowd. †¦ the soldier fetched him a sounding box on the ear that sent him whirling to the roadway, and said: â€Å"Take that, thou beggars’ spawn, for what thou got’st me from his Highness! † The crowd roared with laughter. The prince picked himself out of the mud, and made fiercely at the sentry, shouting: â€Å"I am the Prince of Wales, my person is sacred; and thou shalt han g for laying thy hand upon me! † The soldier brought his halberd to a present-arms and said mockingly: â€Å"I salute your gracious Highness. Then angrily, â€Å"Be off, thou crazy rubbish! † I realized that this brought exaggeration to Mark Twain’s quote who stated that â€Å"Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society,† since when the two boys exchange clothes, the prince quickly became the pauper and was treated like one because of the rags he was wearing and the pauper became the prince and was treated like royalty because of the wealthy clothes he was wearing. This also symbolizes the fact that a person from a wealthy background is no different from a person that comes from a poor background since the two boys are easily mistaken to be each other despite their differences. I thought this was weird at first but the more I thought about it, the more it made sense to me. Tom and Edward both have the same height, weight, skin color and similar facial features, and even though they are two different people with two different backgrounds, they were able to easily switch places with each other. If they hadn’t had similar appearances, or if Tom wasn’t intelligent and able to learn how to become a real king, the plot of the story would have been completely different. This meant that the characters in the book had to have certain characteristics in order to fit the plot Twain created. I loved reading the ending of the novel since it was a happy ending (and who doesn’t like a good happy ending? ). In the end, when Edward returns to his rightful place in the throne, you can tell that his experience of living as a pauper affected him greatly. He becomes a great king who is merciful with his people and makes it a priority to get rid of injustice laws. Also, Edward finds all the people who helped when he was a pauper, such as the lawyer from prison and the judge who was nice to him even though he was wrongfully accused of stealing, and rewards them to show his appreciation of their kindness. However, to all the people who mistreated him and their power, he gives them harsh punishment. Everyone finally gets what they truly deserve in the end, yay! 🙂 How to cite Reaction Paper Sample, Essay examples

Obesity Effect on Developing Diabetes

Question: How the obesity effect on developing diabetes ( the mechanism) by increase insulin resistance? Answer: Obesity is known to be associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The people who are obese the adipose tissue is much more compared to the healthy individuals. This adipose tissue releases high amount of non esterified fatty acids, hormones, glycerol, pro-inflammatory cytokines and some other factors as well that play a major role in the process of development of resistance of insulin. Two factors have been identified to be responsible for obesity to elicit type 2 diabetes- first: the impairment of the response of the skeletal muscles to insulin, which is a major and primary condition in obesity and secondly the pre condition for the onset of type 2 diabetes. When insulin resistance is also accompanied with the dysfunctionality in the working of the pancreatic islet cells (cells that are known to be responsible for release of insulin), it often leads to loss of control of the blood glucose levels. Therefore, the abnormalities associated with islet cells is critical factor in e valuating and assessing the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes (Kahn, S., Hull., R. and Utschneider, M., 2006). Another factor that contributes to the association between obesity and type 2 diabetes is the intake of glucose and several macronutrients that leads to oxidative stress and inflammatory changes. Obesity is, thus, the proinflammatory state accompanied with oxidative stress. Also, the increase in the plasma concentrations of the inflammatory mediators like TNF (Tumour necrosis factor) and interleukin-6 causes the interruption in the insulin action by downregulating the insulin transduction pathway. This is expected to intrude with the anti inflammatory effect of the insulin and may lead to inflammation (Dandona, P., Aljada, A. and Bandyopadhyay, A., 2004). References Kahn, S., Hull., R. and Utschneider, M. (2006). Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature, 444: 840-846. Dandona, P., Aljada, A. and Bandyopadhyay, A. (2004). Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. Trends in immunology, 25(1): 4-7.

Wars of religion and consolidation in France

There were specific periods of time in the historic period of France when religion was a real problem for its citizens. France was occupied by the war on religion during almost four decades since 1562 up to 1598. There were three great periods of the war which were held during 1562 – 1576 (the first part of the war), 1572 – 1588 (wars of religion and the Saint Bartholomew massacre), and 1588 – 1598 (wars of religion and the Edict of Nantes).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Wars of religion and consolidation in France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main powers in this war of religions were the Protestants, the Huguenots, the Catholics, who combated for domination in France. Religion had never been an essential political instrument until 1562? However, during the further 40 years religion became important factor for political issues. Fighting for domination, kings did used religion as the instrument but not as the final purpose of the wars, the main reasons of which were the financial, structural and personality weaknesses of the monarchy, factional rivalry between the major families of France who supported different religious confessions, and economic depression. Guise family, the Bourbons and the Montmorency-Chatillons were three families which fought for the domination in the country. According to the heredity, Catherine de Medici took the throne and her Catholic views were supported by the Guise family who were nor satisfied with the increase of the Protestants influence and led an army against a protestant church in Champagne. Catherine de Medici was interested in maintaining balance between these two religions, however, it was not in the interest of Guise family who wanted to gain the power in the country. However, Catherine de Medici managed to find the balance between Catholics and Protestants in 1570, however, the war was resumed in 1572 by executing severa l thousand Huguenots in Paris. Therefore, the third religion was involved in the war. The wars between such powers as Protestants, Catholics and Huguenots ended in 158 when â€Å"the Edict of Nantes granted freedom of worship to the whole of France† (Wars of Religion in France). The signature of the Treaty of Vervins between France and Spain completely finished the wars of religion in the country. Trying to analyze the real reasons for the wars, it is obvious that e first war of religion was caused by the political opposition of the great powers in the country. The second war of religion more reminded the national revolt for liberty and only the third war may be considered as a real war of religion as by that time the confrontation between different religions was really devastating and something should be done to balance those (Kingdon 170).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fi nal stage of the religions war was provoked by the permission for Protestants to follow their religious canons everywhere in France except Paris. Many sides in the country were dissatisfied with the decisions. Holt Concludes that â€Å"the real legacy of the French Wars of religion, however, was that this rhetoric of absolutism co-existed with the increased social polarization between rich and poor that resulted from the civil wars themselves† (Holt 222). Trying to reconsider the events which took place in France during the wars of religion, it is possible to conclude that the lengthy war period was crated by the monarchs and their inability to maintain order in the society. Fighting for the power and the throne, monarchs forgot about people and their needs. The wars of religion were possible only when the crown was shared and one political power won (Knecht 90). This case supports one more time the idea that religion is usually used as the power for ruling people in personal political games. Considering the result of the wars, some people may think that the Edict of Nantes and the Treaty of Vervins managed to solve the religious problems. However, this is not really correct as these measures were taken to stop active war actions (as the political powers did not need this instrument in their battle any more) and renew the invasion of Catholic ideas through the country. Therefore, it may be concluded that the wars of religion in France were nothing but the political instrument in hands of monarchs. Trying to solve personal issues, the powerful families of France appeared before the choice of the fighting strategy. Some additional issues which may be considered as the pushing aspects of the affair just supported the desire of the powerful families to use religion as the means for making people inspired by the idea and to fight for the interests of a concrete political power. It should be stated that religious issues always exist and there is no country wh ere the problem of religion is not put at edge, however, some governments manage to maintain balance between different religions in the country to make sure that all citizens remain satisfied, However, if one has a desire to use religion as the instrument, he/she can always do it being inspired by the great example of the wars of religion in France between 1562-1598. Works Cited Holt, Mack P. The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print. Kingdon, Robert McCune. Geneva and the Consolidation of the French Protestant Movement, 1564-1572: A Contribution to the History of Congregationalism, Presbyterianism and Calvinist Resistance Theory. New York: Librairie Droz, 1967. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Wars of religion and consolidation in France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Knecht, Robert. The French Religious Wars 1562-1598. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2002. Print. â€Å"Wars of Religion in France.† France This Way, 2012, web, 11 Sept. 2012, https://www.francethisway.com/history/warsofreligion-a.php This essay on Wars of religion and consolidation in France was written and submitted by user Sasha Carroll to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Free Essays on School Counselor

Career Exploration: School Counselor Childhood is not simply a time of innocence and growing up. However, these are periods when young people must confront a myriad of difficult tasks. A School Counselor, assists students develop strategies to conquer society before society conquers them. By teaching children social skills, and a healthy way of coping, a School Counselor serves as a role model among the youth. Their primary purpose is assisting children with educational, emotional, and social development skills that will guide them in the direction of a healthier future. In most schools there is at least one counselor. Most School Counselors work in secondary schools (Grubb). Most opportunities will occur to meet replacement needs. Outlook is dependent on pupil population so job opportunities are best in growing areas. Those in the area of specialty who are bilingual and bicultural may have better chances for employment. Beginners may have to work at lower paying or part-time jobs in order to gain experience in the field. During my childhood the opportunity for me to meet with a School Counselor was not available. However, due to the small population in the community, the school felt little need for a counselor. Counseling is for everyday people with everyday problems. Not just the mentally unhealthy need counseling (Farris). The goal in school counseling is to identify roadblocks that prevent children from learning. Every counselor should demonstrate a fair, ethical model of how to behave in life. School Counselors guide children in the right direction by leading them to success. Today’s counselors support students in their efforts to learn, assist them in their social and emotional growth, and guide them in their transition from high school to careers (Hegerner 103). They often work in classrooms, teaching skills in decision-making, problem solving, anger management and conflict resolution. They conduct small group sessions ... Free Essays on School Counselor Free Essays on School Counselor Career Exploration: School Counselor Childhood is not simply a time of innocence and growing up. However, these are periods when young people must confront a myriad of difficult tasks. A School Counselor, assists students develop strategies to conquer society before society conquers them. By teaching children social skills, and a healthy way of coping, a School Counselor serves as a role model among the youth. Their primary purpose is assisting children with educational, emotional, and social development skills that will guide them in the direction of a healthier future. In most schools there is at least one counselor. Most School Counselors work in secondary schools (Grubb). Most opportunities will occur to meet replacement needs. Outlook is dependent on pupil population so job opportunities are best in growing areas. Those in the area of specialty who are bilingual and bicultural may have better chances for employment. Beginners may have to work at lower paying or part-time jobs in order to gain experience in the field. During my childhood the opportunity for me to meet with a School Counselor was not available. However, due to the small population in the community, the school felt little need for a counselor. Counseling is for everyday people with everyday problems. Not just the mentally unhealthy need counseling (Farris). The goal in school counseling is to identify roadblocks that prevent children from learning. Every counselor should demonstrate a fair, ethical model of how to behave in life. School Counselors guide children in the right direction by leading them to success. Today’s counselors support students in their efforts to learn, assist them in their social and emotional growth, and guide them in their transition from high school to careers (Hegerner 103). They often work in classrooms, teaching skills in decision-making, problem solving, anger management and conflict resolution. They conduct small group sessions ...

Can Gray Hacking Be Justified Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Can Gray Hacking Be Justified - Research Paper Example Known as the ethical hacker, these persons are perceived almost as a mystery. The interconnectedness of the term ethical with hacking is known as being oxymoron, parallel to calling someone a frank offender. It would seem as although Ethical Hackers, however; may have established a place in our canon of defenses of network assets and that they are here to stay. The wagers today are much advanced and the playing ground encompasses every element of our society: be it be commerce and industry, national security, educational entities, and public/private organizations. The domain of the ethical hacker will grown into all these grounds and the insight derived from skills will have to be integrated into the organ of statistical and practical understanding utilized appropriately to shield informational assets(Harper et al, 2011). According to Harper et al (2011), the ideal for the Ethical Hacker is to be a contributor to the organ of knowledge of network security. With this in their mindset, it is essential that these persons follow a systematic tactic, in approaching their relevant network attacks. The concept of breaking into a customer’s network further must be regarded in light of the ultimate objective of mending it. Here, the Ethical Hacker is presented not one who is self-seeking, rather they must be perceived as being another spoke in the Defense in-Depth plan. The concept of utilitarianism that was initially devised by Jeremy Bethman in the eighteenth century, later to be fully developed by John Stewart Mill in the nineteenth century states that we should at all times act so as to create the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone concerned with our choices.... The concept of utilitarianism that was initially devised by Jeremy Bethman in the eighteenth century, later to be fully developed by John Stewart Mill in the nineteenth century states that we should at all times act so as to create the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone concerned with our choices. Utilitarianism with regard to many ethical hypotheses has many strengths and weaknesses. The main strong point for this hypothesis is that it is at all times seeking for the maximum good for the utmost number. This is an excellent strength. Since its, a network strives to maximize pleasure for the greatest number. The major weak point of utilitarianism is that it is highly hard to project the outcome of the action. The results of all conditions are difficult to estimate, so how can we probably apply the imperative of the most happiness for the greatest number if we do not understand who will benefit the greatest every time is still a question that begs for answers. Gray hat defines a cracker or as it is well understood, a hacker who uses a security weakness in a computer system or product for them to show the weakness to the attention of the owners. Unlike a gray hat, a black hat acts without spiteful intention. The objective of a gray is to advance the network and security network. By exposing the susceptibility, the gray hat, however, may offer other hackers the chance to exploit it. This is different from the white who notifies system owners and merchants of the susceptibility with apparently exploiting it in public.

Should Greece leave the European Union, or the Eurozone Essay

Should Greece leave the European Union, or the Eurozone - Essay Example In the 1930s, Adolf Hitler wanted to conquer the whole of Europe. In all these cases, the goal was to control and dominate Europe. For many centuries, wars were fought in Europe for religious and political reasons but with no positive results. After the World War II ended, it became clear that war and violence cannot create a unified Europe. By the end of the war in 1945, there was destruction depicted in all the European cities. Many people lost their homes and families. Production and trade were also crippled as factories were destroyed. Many bridges and railroads were also destroyed by bombings. Many Europeans who lost their homes and means of income were devastated as they became helpless and did not know how to rebuild their lives. It became apparent that the need was to adopt an entirely new kind of strategy and concept to recreate the nation, and guide the Europeans to bring their lives back on normal track. For this, it was required that the European people make a peaceful co mmunity by working together to rebuild their nation. The traditional concepts of capturing and controlling Europe because of rivalries had to be eliminated and had to be replaced by a â€Å"new spirit of cooperation.† This new philosophy of cooperation was remarkably followed in the post WWII era. The two instances were the Marshall Plan and the Berlin Airlift, and these were examples of how the allied nations helped the defeated nations of WWII. This was the beginning of a new phase in the history of Europe, and paved the way for a peaceful unification of Europe. During the WWII, smaller countries like Netherlands and Belgium entered into economical and trade agreements; the idea was that economical unification of smaller countries will make them competitive rivals of larger countries. This concept was already established in 1921 by the governments of Luxemburg and Belgium. In 1948, the Benelux Customs Union was formed which â€Å"enabled the free movement of goods, workers , services, and capital between the countries.† In 1952, six European countries began the phase of forming the European Union (EU). The Benelux treaty was signed in the year 1958 which formally provided free trade facilities to the Benelux countries (Introduction to the European Union, n.d., p.2). This paper focuses on Greece joining the EU in 1981, the economic crisis faced by the country and in the final part it has been discussed whether Greece should or should not continue to remain as an EU member country. Decision-making in the European Commission EU has a standard process of making decisions which is termed as joint decision. This means â€Å"the European Parliament has to approve EU legislation together with the Council based on a proposal from the Commission.† (Decision-making in the European Commission, n.d.) There are three major institutions which participate in decision making process of EU. The first one is the European Commission which looks after the int erests of EU and makes decisions that are in favour of the interests. It also has the responsibility to formulate proposals for any new laws to be established in Europe. It has the additional duty of ensuring that the EU policies are efficiently implemented and also manages the spending of EU funds. The second institution is the Council of the European Union where the ministers representing each EU country assemble to generate new laws and implement policies. It also approves the annual budget of EU and has signing authority on any agreements between and other countries. The third and final institution is the European Parliament which is a body of members elected by citizens of each EU country which it is a representative body of the countries’ common people. The European Parlia

The Importance and Role of Public Relations

The Importance and Role of Public Relations The art and social science of analyzing trends, predicting their consequences, counseling organizational leaders and implementing planned programs of action, which will serve both the organization and the public interest. (Asch and Solomon 1946) Public relations aim primarily to provide a communication between an organization and its users. It is one of the most important business functions as for any organization. It is essential to continually check its reputation in the market that it caters. Moreover, with the present climate of global extensions that majority of the modern day businesses practice, it is essential that the organization keeps touch with what it wants to portray to the consumers so that expectations from the organization is likewise. Public Relation is used to build rapport with employees, customers, investors, voters or the general public. Almost any organization that indulges itself in being portrayed in the public environment employs some level of public relations. Public relation is not limited to simply increasing awareness about an organization. It deals with other complex functions of checking and monitoring the reactions of its actions( Ahluwalia et al 2000). This illustrates what the organization reflects to its market hence aiding in deciding the next course of action as and when required. Publicity is one of the major tools for Public relations. Most; if not all, PR campaigns invest heavily for publicity. Publicity involves spreading of information for a product, person, service, cause or organization to gain public awareness. Publicity helps in effective PR planning and is one of the most viral methods adopted by any PR for an organisation. In present times, professionals commonly use technology as their main tool to get across their messages to target audiences (Collins et al, 1975). Traditionally, one of the oldest tools used by public relations professionals is a press/media kit. It is usually a collection of promotional materials for the purpose of circulation. These provide information about an event, organization, business, or even a person. Information also includes, fact sheets, press releases (or media releases), media alerts, brochures, newsletters, photographs with captions, copies of any media clips, and social mediums. In recent times, most organizations may have a website with a link which usually updates the message that is required to be communicated for the purpose of communication. Online version of such news is one of the essentials that is adopted in recent times. Other widely-used tools include brochures, newsletters and annual reports. (Basuroy et al 2003) In the recent times, technological uses of social networks, blogs, and even internet radio public relations professionals facilitate to directly send messages through their respective mediums. Methods are used to find out the reaction of the audience in the current market. Inquiring into the favorable appeals of the target audiences extensively include the use of surveys, conducting research or even focus groups. Various tactics are undertaken to attract target audiences by using the information gathered. This is then directed as a message to them using tools such as social or other popular mediums.`(Burrough and Bryan,2006) Increasingly, companies are utilizing interactive social networking options, such as media blogs, Twitter and Facebook, as tools in promotion for the PR campaigns. This can be credited to the fact that unlike the traditional tools, social media outlets enable the organization to engage in two-way communication, and receive relatively quicker feedbacks hence efficiently aiding in making accurate decisions. Reciprocal nature of communications Extracted from Effective Public Relations by Cutlip(2010) The above figure illustrates, communication is a reciprocal process of exchanging signals to inform, instruct, or persuade, based on shared meanings and conditioned by the communicators relationship and the social context. (Godes, 2004) NEGATIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS: Negative Public relation occurs under circumstances and situation when the message sent across to the public by the organization is seen not coherent to what it portrays. It may be expressed as that process which threatens the reputation and corporate identity of an organization due to improbable actions that leads to unlikely situations and circumstances. (Eliasberg et al 1997) However, this phenomenon can be either intentional i:e. (by an external source such as a competitor) or unintentional (inadequate research of an expected reaction or poor internal communications ). (Hueng et al,1982) Owing to the nature of this report, the researcher has chosen to consider only the unfavorable public relations for this study and thus Black public relations shall only be mentioned once. Thereafter, steps to deal only with unfavorable public relations shall be included for further part of this work. Intentional Negative Public Relations It indicates in context to incidences which are carried about by third party source with intention to tarnish the reputation of a targeted organization, these kind of intentional negative PR strategies are also known as Black Public Relations (James and Caryn 2006). It involves gathering information using high level of industrial espionage and competitive intelligence to uncover the targeted company secrets that are unfavorable to the organizations stakeholders (Hueng et al,1982). The only objective of such practices is to strategically disturb the channels and messages of communication between the organization and its shareholders. This kind of negative public relation is an unethical business practice yet it is been widely used against business rivals. (Grossmen et al1984) Unintentional Negative PR / Unfavorable Public relations. This is an occurrence under circumstances when an organization is facing a public challenge to its reputation. Generally these challenges may come in the following forms:- An investigation from a government agency. A criminal allegation. A media inquiry. A shareholders lawsuit A violation of environmental regulations Finally a violation in a number of other scenarios involving the legal, ethical and / or financial factors (Godes et al 2004). The above are challenges that an organization faces which may lead to an unfavorable Public relations situation for an organization. However, most of them can be contained almost immediately if handled with urgency. Generally, source of a negative Public relation is born out of mismanaged crises situation in an organization. Crisis communication is of utmost importance to contain any such unlikely circumstances. If efficiently handled, crisis communication can become the best defense against any issue turning into a fully blow catastrophe. An illustration to explain the above can be found in the case of Johnson Johnson. In 1982, after cyanide was discovered in some capsules of a JJ product Tylenol, J and J immediately announced a recall of an estimated stock of about a hundred million in circulation in its domestic market of the United States and other foreign market (Berger,2005). This decision of Johnson Johnson, to cooperate fully with the media, earned it lots of praises for its business principle of being socially responsible. The resultant was that the company received additional positive press coverage when it subsequently introduced its new tamper-resistant packaging. Similarly In March 2005, a woman bit into a finger while eating chili at Wendys. Wendys responded promptly and shut down that location. This was followed by carefully discarding all the other chilli that was dated as the controversial stock. The location was reopened only after a thorough investigation of the rest of the stocks.This crisis could have damaged Wendys image, but owing to it responding properly and appropriately, very little damage was observed to their image (Berger,2005). These are two of the few examples which illustrate efficient crisis management procedures despite not being in control the negative PR at the initial stages of the crisis. Johnson Johnson was able to gain positive publicity for the prompt decision making and was thus able to contain the situation before it went out of proportion. Conversely, many other organisations have shown lack in managing a crisis situation and have suffered for the same. Source Perrier is an example of such an organization that was unable to overcome negative publicity when its top management displayed poor crisis-management. Traces of benzene were found in the companys bottled water in 1990, however the company assured the public that it was only contained to bottles in North America. During the same time, scientists found traces of benzene in its bottled water which was being sold in Europe. This time, the management blamed it upon a contaminated filtering system an reassured that it was being tackled with utmost urgency. Never the less, media had then sampled the brands water from all its prevalent market and discovered that the situation had been persistent for a longer period of time and that the benzene laced product had been selling all around the world. The media questioned Perriers integrity and concern for public safety, and the company lost its dominant position in the marketplace; it has been unable to rebuild its reputation (Bogart and D ave 2001). The available literature on the source of negative PR is not coherently conclusive as different researchers have difference in the scope and width with regard to their view about the causes of unavoidable PR. Lerbinger (1997), attributes two causes i:e. management failure and environmental forces. He categorizes the two into eight categories of crisis situations which are as follows: Natural- for example Asian Tsunami which affected everything alike i:e. nations, government, corporations, businesses and so on. Technological- Mercedes A class had design faults thus had to roll over Confrontation- Shell Oil wanted to sink an oil platform into the North Sea and thus its petrol stations faced a consumer boycott. Malevolence-product tampering by private citizens, as in the case of Tylenol capsules of Johnson and Johnson Skewed Management- Barings Bank went out of business when the bank management was accused of turning a blind eye towards rouge trader Nick Leason. Deception Management misconduct- Enron Power Business and economic- Economic turmoil affecting businesses, hence organizations unable to live to the promise. (Lerbinger 1997) FEARN-BANKS FIVE STAGE OF CRISIS STAGE 1 Detection The organization is watching for warning signs STAGE 2 Preparation/prevention The organization takes notes of the warning signs and prepares plans proactively to avoid crisis, or reactive one to cope with the crisis if it is come. STAGE 3 Containment Taking Steps to limit the length of the crisis or its affects. STAGE 4 Recovery At this step, efforts are made to get back to normal operational conditions or effectiveness of an organization STAGE 5 Learning This is when the Organization reflects and evaluates the experience to consider the negative impacts for the organization and any possible benefits for the future. Fearns- Banks(2006), are amongst the school of thoughts that attribute Negative Public relation wholly to mismanaged crisis situation. In the table above, are the five stages of a business crises outlined that explain the steps to be ensured during different stages of a crisis. If attended to, the crisis management should be efficient and thus save the organization any unwanted harm to its reputation The most important efficient way of dealing with unfavorable public relation can be found in practicing crisis communication (Lerbinger 1997). Crisis communication aims at assisting an organisation to sustain continuity in the critical business processes. These business processes can be any information flowing during critical situations, natural calamities or event driven circumstances. The most commonly know five steps that must be ensured in situations threatening the PR of an organization may be best explained as the following Firstly, the corporation in crisis should be prompt and act accordingly. This can be achieved by addressing the public immediately following the discovery of the situation. Secondly, the corporation in question must maintain honesty as it is obliged to be completely truthful no matter what the consequences from the public may be. Thirdly, the corporation should be informative. This would require them to provide facts that are coherent with the situation and restrain speculation under any circumstance. The other reason for this step is to also assure that public does not create its own rumor as rumors might cause more damage to the organization as compared to the already worsened circumstance(Lerbinger 1997). Next, it is important to be socially concerned and illustrate efforts of improvement to the public. This would reflect on the business as being socially responsible hence improving chances of faster recovery from the damage incurred. Finally, maintaining two-way relationships. It is very essential as the corporation get response from the public hence increasing the chances of being accepted to do business with. More so, as this kind of communication shall project to the corporation directly about what is expected from them in the near future. These steps are essential in order to manage any crucial PR circumstances (Norton et al 2007). Quick response is the key to any negative publicity. Efficient and effective crisis communication strategy diagnosed in a premeditated manner can provide most of the solutions to problems relating to negative publicity. In this global and dynamic business world, technology can be effectively harnessed for communicating to the people about a rapid response to the issue. not only can this save the organizational reputation but also it can prevent any unlikely circumstances. Ensuring a co-ordinated response provides a stronger foundation to tackle tricky situations and in turn can result into a potential advantage to a range of potentially crippling scenarios. A well thought out and executed plan shall reflect strongly upon the management of the organsation hence, bringing some more goodwill amongst the users. Timing of responding is a critical factor as the longer the lag, higher the chances of a considerable losses to company revenue and reputation (Reinstein et al 2005). An Effectiive crisis communication strategy will typically consider achieving most of the following objectives: Maintain connectivity Be readily accessible to the news media Show empathy for the people involved Allow distributed access Streamline communication processes Maintain information security Ensure uninterrupted audit trails Deliver high volume communications Support multi-channel communications Remove dependencies on paper based processes (Norton et al 2007) Crisis communication can play a significant role by transforming an unexpected situation into a competitive gain. The only essential requirement is respond accordingly and immediately to the urgent situation. CONCLUSION This study is an attempt at understanding the concept of Public relations and investigates into the causes and sources of negative Public relations. In a theoretical context, literature on negative Public relation shows a very distorted view amongst the researchers as it lacks clarity in its core concept of whether is it a result of mis communicated Public message or is it a concept of deliberately damaging a organizations reputation owing to competition rivalry. However, all of these views are coherent on the thought that quick response to the critical situations can effectively deal with the arising unfavourable circumstances. Efficient and effective crisis communication strategy diagnosed in a premeditated manner can provide most of the solutions to problems relating to negative publicity. Source of a negative Public relation is born out of mismanaged crises situation in an organization. Crisis communication is of utmost importance to contain any such unlikely circumstances. If efficiently handled, crisis communication can become the best defense against any issue arising in the organization. Ensuring a co-ordinated response provides a stronger foundation to tackle tricky situations and in turn can result into a potential advantage to a range of potentially crippling scenarios. A well thought out and executed plan shall reflect strongly upon the management of the organsation hence, bringing some more goodwill amongst the users. Timing of responding is a critical factor as the longer the lag, higher the chances of a considerable losses to company revenue and reputation. Public relation also deals with complex functions of checking and monitoring the reactions of its actions as this illustrates what the organization reflects to its market. Thus regular contact with the public over the underlying issues provides better deciding power for the next course of action as and when required. Technology needs to be exploited the most in critical situations, in this modern day of vast technological choice, communication with the public is easier and cheaper than in the past Thus along with the prior mentioned five steps technological advantages should be used at it optimum to properly manage a crisis can as well as the six types of responses continue to be at the foundation of any crisis public relations.

Comparison and Contrast of Two Poems Essay

William Blake’s poems entitled â€Å"The Tyger† and â€Å"The Lamb† are depictions of human self. The narrators in these poems described their characterization through the illustration of the lamb and the tiger. There are similarities and differences between these two poems in terms of theme, tone, and literary images. By reading these poems, readers would recognize the braveness of the tiger and the calmness of the lamb. Through this, it can be said that these poems are representations of emotions and intentions of the author and narrators in the poems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the poem â€Å"The Tyger,† the narrator already established the burning fire of the tyger’s character in the first stanza. The first line of the poem characterized the persona into a mortal hero because of the use of words and exclamation marks. In the second stanza, ironies of different literary images started to emerge. Fire and sky, wings and hands are some of the ironies that exist throughout the poem. It shows that fire and sky are interrelated concepts with the use of hands and wings to reach its aspects and sense. In the third stanza, humanistic point of view developed. From natural abstract of nature, animal body parts began to unravel as a way of showing the tyger’s being. The second and third stanzas are related to one another because these means that nature and animals are connected and cannot live without each other. The fourth stanza discussed the different threats against the tiger. Chains and hammers are depicted to be the armor against the illogical braveness of the tiger. Its terror characterization showed that humans are aloof with it. They could not able to live with the tiger that is why they were chained and hammered. The fifth stanza symbolizes the resurrection of the tiger. Once he died from the hands of chains and hammers, the sky will comfort him and give him a new life again. It was seen that once an animal died, it will still conceive a new form of life as it emerge into the nature’s womb. At the end of the poem, the tyger will live through its burning fire. It will always live at the heart of the forest by way of perceiving the eye of â€Å"symmetry.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, Blake’s â€Å"The Lamb† is a representation of lamb’s beauty and keenness. She was depicted as a girl – a little girl who seeks love and comfort from within. This little lamb has simple joys in her heart. He wanted to have something to eat to be able to survive. She just wanted to have comfortable shelter to nurture her self from her surroundings and environment. She is happy and contented with what she has for she is young. The author used two stanzas to illustrate the persona of the poem. It means that simplicity of the character lies within her physical and emotional being.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the first stanza, the narrator discussed how the little lamb portrayed her self in beauty and comfort. The narrator also showed how people used the lamb’s fur for their daily lives especially their clothing.   This is how the lamb works for that is why she has simple happiness because she knows that she would become a big help to everyone. In the second stanza, showed how the persona of the poem loved and admired the lamb. The narrator wanted to tell all the people to be mild and gentle towards the lamb because she is a fragile one. The persona relates herself like a lamb that is unique, keen, happy, and contented being despite of everything that she experienced in life. At the end of the poem, the persona said â€Å"God Bless† to the lamb. It means that she must take care of her self for everything she does throughout her lifetime and beyond.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Aside from the lamb and the tyger’s being animals, the similarity with them is their attachment to nature. Nature always becomes their comfort place to live and ponder. Another similarity is the way humans thought towards and against them. People look at them as an object of economic power and raw materials. They could not look at these animals as part of the ecosystem that helps us to become what we are right now in terms of ecological perspectives. In terms of theme, these two poems are similar. They are both illustration of animal oppression and discrimination. These poems are created to express how animals think of their selves and their use in the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other way around, the poem â€Å"The Tyger† is more on loud images rather than the poem â€Å"The Lamb.† Even if they both express the essence and meaning of animal oppression, the poem â€Å"The Tyger† was illustrated in a direct and frank portrayal unlike the poem â€Å"The Lamb.† This poem showed indirect attack towards the issues that it wanted to discuss. â€Å"The Tyger† also used abundant literary images to show the roaring character of the tyger. In â€Å"The Lamb,† the author did not use many literary images because he illustrated the persona as a child who has limited knowledge and learning towards the real intuition of the lamb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on the elaboration of the whole poems in this paper, it was seen that â€Å"The Tyger† and â€Å"The Lamb† have differences and similarities based on the literal and logical perspective. It was also seen that the author made different kind of attack from one point to the other. The target audience for the poem â€Å"The Tyger† is mainly for those who have enough vocabularies to understand the meanings of the words while the poem â€Å"The Lamb† is for children who have simple words to acquire. However, they can be seen as children and adult poems if they are entitled to unleash the essence and persona of the animals in the poems. Bibliography Blake, W. (2005). â€Å"The Lamb† 22 March 2008. http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poem/181.html Blake, W. (1794).â€Å"The Tyger† 22 March 2008. http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~keith/poems/tyger.html

About School Essay

I believe in school now in days the curriculum kills our crea? vity. Not the teachers. The teachers are only there to help teach the curriculum. Now in days you can’t write whatever you want any more or do whatever you want any more in school. There is no choice. Its either op? on â€Å"A† or op? on â€Å"B†. Kids growing up in this era will have no imagina? on because it’s all straight forward stu$. Teacher get mad at you if you doodle on your paper or step out of line in the hall way. See more: Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essay Kids won’t want to be crea? ve because they won’t know what crea? ve is. I %nd that the curriculum is to worried on ge&ng the informa? on to the kids other than le&ng them %nd out ways to show the informa? on or talk about it. It’s just all wri? ng and wri? ng, no free choice anymore. In the poem it’s the same thing. The boy gets made fun of and hurt because he was trying to be crea? ve. No one can do their own stu$ anymore.

Skills Inventory - 1014 Words

COMM 1001 Final Project Part 1: Skills Inventory Worksheet Directions: This worksheet can be filled in as you complete each week of this course. You will turn in your final worksheet during week 6 as the first part of your final project to the proper submission link designated for this worksheet in the Week 6 Project area. This worksheet contains 4 sections, each sections asks a question about the 6 academic skills. In Question one, you need to answer the question for each skill. But for questions 2-4 you need only choose two skills to answer the question. You should type your answers in the boxes provided. 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